Real Life Objects, Properties, and Methods
In real life, a car is an object.
A car has properties like weight and color, and methods like start and stop:
| Object | Properties | Methods |
|---|---|---|
 | car.name = Fiat car.model = 500 car.weight = 850kg car.color = white | car.start() car.drive() car.brake() car.stop() |
All cars have the same properties, but the property values differ from car to car.
All cars have the same methods, but the methods are performed at different times.
JavaScript Objects
You have already learned that JavaScript variables are containers for data values.
This code assigns a simple value (Fiat) to a variable named car:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Variables</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create and display a variable:
let car = "Fiat";
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = car;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Variables
Fiat
Objects are variables too. But objects can contain many values.
This code assigns many values (Fiat, 500, white) to a variable named car:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const car = {type:"Fiat", model:"500", color:"white"};
// Display some data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "The car type is " + car.type;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
The car type is Fiat
The values are written as name:value pairs (name and value separated by a colon).
It is a common practice to declare objects with the const keyword.
Object Definition
You define (and create) a JavaScript object with an object literal:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe", age:50, eyeColor:"blue"};
// Display some data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
person.firstName + " is " + person.age + " years old.";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
John is 50 years old.
Spaces and line breaks are not important. An object definition can span multiple lines:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
age: 50,
eyeColor: "blue"
};
// Display some data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
person.firstName + " is " + person.age + " years old.";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
John is 50 years old.
Object Properties
The name:values pairs in JavaScript objects are called properties:
| Property | Property Value |
|---|---|
| firstName | John |
| lastName | Doe |
| age | 50 |
| eyeColor | blue |
Accessing Object Properties
You can access object properties in two ways:objectName.propertyName
orobjectName[“propertyName”]
Example1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p>There are two different ways to access an object property.</p>
<p>You can use person.property or person["property"].</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
id : 5566
};
// Display some data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
person.firstName + " " + person.lastName;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
There are two different ways to access an object property.
You can use person.property or person[“property”].
John Doe
Example2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p>There are two different ways to access an object property.</p>
<p>You can use person.property or person["property"].</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
id : 5566
};
// Display some data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
person["firstName"] + " " + person["lastName"];
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
There are two different ways to access an object property.
You can use person.property or person[“property”].
John Doe
JavaScript objects are containers for named values called properties.
Object Methods
Objects can also have methods.
Methods are actions that can be performed on objects.
Methods are stored in properties as function definitions.
| Property | Property Value |
|---|---|
| firstName | John |
| lastName | Doe |
| age | 50 |
| eyeColor | blue |
| fullName | function() {return this.firstName + ” ” + this.lastName;} |
A method is a function stored as a property.
Example
const person = {
firstName: “John”,
lastName : “Doe”,
id : 5566,
fullName : function() {
return this.firstName + ” ” + this.lastName;
}
};
In the example above, this refers to the person object.
I.E. this.firstName means the firstName property of this.
I.E. this.firstName means the firstName property of person.
What is this?
In JavaScript, the this keyword refers to an object.
Which object depends on how this is being invoked (used or called).
The this keyword refers to different objects depending on how it is used:
In an object method, this refers to the object. |
Alone, this refers to the global object. |
In a function, this refers to the global object. |
In a function, in strict mode, this is undefined. |
In an event, this refers to the element that received the event. |
Methods like call(), apply(), and bind() can refer this to any object. |
The this Keyword
In a function definition, this refers to the “owner” of the function.
In the example above, this is the person object that “owns” the fullName function.
In other words, this.firstName means the firstName property of this object.
Accessing Object Methods
You access an object method with the following syntax:objectName.methodName()
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p>An object method is a function definition, stored as a property value.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
id: 5566,
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName();
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
An object method is a function definition, stored as a property value.
John Doe
If you access a method without the () parentheses, it will return the function definition:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Objects</h2>
<p>If you access an object method without (), it will return the function definition:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
// Create an object:
const person = {
firstName: "John",
lastName : "Doe",
id : 5566,
fullName : function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
// Display data from the object:
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
JavaScript Objects
If you access an object method without (), it will return the function definition:
function() { return this.firstName + ” ” + this.lastName; }
Do Not Declare Strings, Numbers, and Booleans as Objects!
When a JavaScript variable is declared with the keyword “new“, the variable is created as an object:x = new String(); // Declares x as a String object
y = new Number(); // Declares y as a Number object
z = new Boolean(); // Declares z as a Boolean object
Avoid String, Number, and Boolean objects. They complicate your code and slow down execution speed.