The private Members A private member variable or function cannot be accessed, or even viewed from outside the class. Only the class and friend functions can access private members. By default all the members of a class would be private, for example in the following class width is a private member, which means until you label a member, it… Read More »
The public Members All the class members declared under the public specifier will be available to everyone. The data members and member functions declared as public can be accessed by other classes and functions too. The public members of a class can be accessed from anywhere in the program using the direct member access operator… Read More »
Data hiding is one of the important features of Object Oriented Programming which allows preventing the functions of a program to access directly the internal representation of a class type. The access restriction to the class members is specified by the labeled public, private, and protected sections within the class body. The keywords public, private, and protected are called… Read More »
Static data member are class members that are declared using static keyword A static member has certain special characteristics These are: Only one copy of that member is created for the entire class and is shared by all the objects of that class , no matter how many objects are created. It is initialized to… Read More »
Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, Zara, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother’s or father’s name, etc. Same situation… Read More »
When you define a class, you define a blueprint for a data type. This doesn’t actually define any data, but it does define what the class name means, that is, what an object of the class will consist of and what operations can be performed on such an object. A class definition starts with the… Read More »
In C++, an Object is a real-world entity, for example, chair, car, pen, mobile, laptop, etc. In other words, object is an entity that has state and behavior. Here, state means data, and behavior means functionality. Object is a runtime entity, it is created at runtime. Object is an instance of a class. All the… Read More »
Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and functions. Object-oriented programming has several advantages over procedural programming: OOP is faster and easier to execute OOP provides a clear structure for the programs OOP helps to keep the… Read More »
Debugging strategies Although there is no precise procedure for fixing all bugs, there are a number of useful strategies that can reduce the debugging effort. A significant part (if not all) of this process is spent localizing the error, that is, figuring out the cause of its symptoms. Below are several useful strategies to help… Read More »
An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C++ exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero. Exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. C++ exception… Read More »